Feminism Wikipedia. Feminism is a range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements that share a common goal to define, establish, and achieve political, economic, personal, and social equality of sexes. This includes seeking to establish educational and professional opportunities for women that are equal to such opportunities for men. Feminist movements have campaigned and continue to campaign for womens rights, including the right to vote, to hold public office, to work, to earn fair wages or equal pay, to own property, to receive education, to enter contracts, to have equal rights within marriage, and to have maternity leave. Feminists have also worked to promote bodily autonomy and integrity, and to protect women and girls from rape, sexual harassment, and domestic violence. Changes in dress and acceptable physical activity have often been part of feminist movements. Feminist campaigns are generally considered to be a main force behind major historical societal changes for womens rights, particularly in the West, where they are near universally credited with achieving womens suffrage, gender neutrality in English, reproductive rights for women including access to contraceptives and abortion, and the right to enter into contracts and own property. Although feminist advocacy is, and has been, mainly focused on womens rights, some feminists, including bell hooks, argue for the inclusion of mens liberation within its aims because men are also harmed by traditional gender roles. Feminist theory, which emerged from feminist movements, aims to understand the nature of gender inequality by examining womens social roles and lived experience it has developed theories in a variety of disciplines in order to respond to issues concerning gender. Numerous feminist movements and ideologies have developed over the years and represent different viewpoints and aims. Some forms of feminism have been criticized for taking into account only white, middle class, and college educated perspectives. This criticism led to the creation of ethnically specific or multicultural forms of feminism, including black feminism and intersectional feminism. History. Feminist Suffrage Parade in New York City, 6 May 1. School links, activities and information about the district. When T. S. Eliot died, wrote Robert Giroux. Charles Fourier, a Utopian Socialist and French philosopher, is credited with having coined the word fminisme in 1. The words fminisme feminism and fminist feminist first appeared in France and the Netherlands in 1. Great Britain in the 1. United States in 1. Oxford English Dictionary lists 1. Depending on the historical moment, culture and country, feminists around the world have had different causes and goals. Most western feminist historians contend that all movements working to obtain womens rights should be considered feminist movements, even when they did not or do not apply the term to themselves. Other historians assert that the term should be limited to the modern feminist movement and its descendants. Those historians use the label protofeminist to describe earlier movements. The history of the modern western feminist movements is divided into three waves. Each wave dealt with different aspects of the same feminist issues. The first wave comprised womens suffrage movements of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, promoting womens right to vote. The second wave was associated with the ideas and actions of the womens liberation movement beginning in the 1. The second wave campaigned for legal and social equality for women. The third wave is a continuation of, and a reaction to, the perceived failures of second wave feminism, which began in the 1. Nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. After selling her home, Emmeline Pankhurst, pictured in New York City in 1. Brewer Attorneys Counselors is a law firm devoted exclusively to the resolution of highstakes advocacy matters that involve substantial dollar or business. Third Wave Foundation Scholarship Program' title='Third Wave Foundation Scholarship Program' />Britain and the United States. In the Netherlands, Wilhelmina Drucker 1. Simone Veil 1. 92. French Minister of Health 1. She made easier access to contraceptive pills and legalized abortion 1. Feminist history History of feminism History of American women History of Canadian women History of German women History of women in the United Kingdom. Cozad Scholarship Fund. Donor List Behind each and every fund at the South Dakota Community Foundation there is an individual, family or community that has a. C450' alt='Third Wave Foundation Scholarship Program' title='Third Wave Foundation Scholarship Program' />Special Programs within the Franklin Research Grants. APSBritish Academy Fellowship for Research in London. In collaboration with the British Academy, the APS offers. August 31, 2017. Memorandum Public MASTER TEACHERS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM TRAININGWORKSHOP. Division Memorandum no. Repairing Corrupted Xp Files. Public. First wave feminism was a period of activity during the 1. In the UK and eventually the US, it focused on the promotion of equal contract, marriage, parenting, and property rights for women. By the end of the 1. Third Wave Foundation Scholarship Program' title='Third Wave Foundation Scholarship Program' />UK Custody of Infants Act 1. Tender years doctrine for child custody arrangement and gave woman the right of custody of their children for the first time. Other legislation such as the Married Womens Property Act 1. UK and extended in the 1. Act,2. 9 these became models for similar legislation in other British territories. For example, Victoria passed legislation in 1. New South Wales in 1. Australian colonies passed similar legislation between 1. Therefore, with the turn of the 1. Womens suffrage began in Britains Australasian colonies at the close of the 1. New Zealand granting women the right to vote in 1. South Australia granting female suffrage the right to vote and stand for parliamentary office in 1. This was followed by Australia granting female suffrage in 1. In Britain the Suffragettes and the Suffragists campaigned for the womens vote, and in 1. Representation of the People Act was passed granting the vote to women over the age of 3. In 1. 92. 8 this was extended to all women over 2. Emmeline Pankhurst was the most notable activist in England, with Time naming her one of the 1. Most Important People of the 2. Century stating she shaped an idea of women for our time she shook society into a new pattern from which there could be no going back. In the U. S., notable leaders of this movement included Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony, who each campaigned for the abolition of slavery prior to championing womens right to vote. These women were influenced by the Quaker theology of spiritual equality, which asserts that men and women are equal under God. In the United States, first wave feminism is considered to have ended with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution 1. The term first wave was coined retroactively to categorize these western movements after the term second wave feminism began to be used to describe a newer feminist movement that focused on fighting social and cultural inequalities, as well political inequalities. During the late Qing period and reform movements such as the Hundred Days Reform, Chinese feminists called for womens liberation from traditional roles and Neo Confuciangender segregation. Later, the Chinese Communist Party created projects aimed at integrating women into the workforce, and claimed that the revolution had successfully achieved womens liberation. According to Nawar al Hassan Golley, Arab feminism was closely connected with Arab nationalism. In 1. 89. 9, Qasim Amin, considered the father of Arab feminism, wrote The Liberation of Women, which argued for legal and social reforms for women. He drew links between womens position in Egyptian society and nationalism, leading to the development of Cairo University and the National Movement. In 1. 92. 3 Hoda Shaarawi founded the Egyptian Feminist Union, became its president and a symbol of the Arab womens rights movement. The Iranian Constitutional Revolution in 1. Iranian womens movement, which aimed to achieve womens equality in education, marriage, careers, and legal rights. However, during the Iranian revolution of 1. Family Protection Law. In France, women obtained the right to vote only with the Provisional Government of the French Republic of 2. IMB Community Foundation Projects IMB. In the last financial year, Green Connect employed and supported 1. They grew and distributed 7,2. Green connect now plans to extend their Urban Farm by another 4,0.